Automatic mud sampler and packager



` ugl., 1967 J. M. HORETH ETAL E AUTOMATIC MUD SAMPLER AND PACKAGER Filed April 21, 1964 i 2 Sheets-Sheet l rf) un `Q- Q5 LL r LL N N a f f N ro N gf E I.:

John M. Horefh Richard -H. Langenheim William D. Howard INVENTORS.

ATTORNEY ugl, 1967 J. M. HORETH ETAL 3333591 AUTOMATIC MUD SAMPLER AND PACKAGER 2 Sheets-Sheet E Filed April 2l, 1964 FIG. 8

FIG.

John Mv. Horefh Richard H. Langenheim William D. Howard M INVENTORS. M476# BY l A? ATToRNEY United States Patent O 3,333,391 AUTOMATIC MUD SAMPLER AND PACKAGER John M. I-Ioreth, Richard H. Langenheim, and William D. Howard, Tulsa, Okla., assignors, by mesne assignments, to Esso Production Research Company, Houston, Tex., a corporation of Delaware Filed Apr. 21, 1964, Ser. No. 361,513 9 Claims. (Cl. 53-28) This invention relates to the packaging of fluid mixtures which contain large amounts of suspended or entrained particulate solids. In a particular aspect, the invention relates to apparatus for the packaging of drilling fluid samples obtained in the rotary drilling of boreholes in the earth, especially in the drilling of oil and gas wells. In a preferred embodiment, a package is produced which preserves the original gas content of the sample for quantitative analysis.

The incentives for analyzing periodic samples of drilling mud for the presence of hydrocarbon gases have been recognized for many years. Such analysis of the drilling mud, when correlated with the drilling depth, gives a more immediate and reliable indication of the presence of valuable petroleum deposits than any other method of well logging. However, extensive routine use of quanitative hydrocarbon mud-gas logging has been slow to develop, due in part to the diiliculty of obtaining reliable, representative samples of the mud stream. Moreover, once representative samples are obtained, it is diilficult to preserve the mud samples in such a way as to prevent the escape of hydrocarbon gases.

In a great many drilling operati-ons it is conventional practice to collect mud samples manually. That is, from time to time field personnel at the drilling site simply scoop a bucket of iiuids from the mud riser box, or from some other exposed mud surface, and label the sample to indicate drilling depth or time, or both. This method of sample collection is unsatisfactory for several reasons. Perhaps most important is the fact that the mud has been exposed to the atmosphere prior to collection, thus enabling a major proportion of the light gases, especially methane and ethane, to escape if they were initially present. Moreover, human fallibility introduces various errors, both in the composition of samples and in the correlation of sampling time with drilling depth.

Accordingly, it is an object of the present invention to provide an apparatus for obtaining uniform, representative samples of drilling mud from the return iiowline at accurately timed intervals. It is a further object to package the samples in a manner which will preserve their original composition, especially with respect to hydrocarbon gas content.

The apparatus of the present invention receives a continuous sample stream of -drilling mud from the return flowline, or from the surface conductor casing, for the purpose of packaging periodic samples for analysis. While the apparatus is on standby basis, the sample stream is simply diverted to the mudpits. At timed intervals the sample stream is passed through a delivery tube which directs the mud to a sealing system where a sample of the mud is encased in a plastic pouch. The operation is repeated at selected intervals until a large number of samples are col- 4lected in a fixed sequence and correlated with drilling depth.

The sampling and packaging device of the present invention is composed of four principal sub-systems or sub-combinations. Following the sequence in which the systemsopcrate, the iirst is a iiow control system, or valve assembly,

which is itself sub-divided into two parts. A first valve places the mud sample stream alternately on standby basis, and then switches to a sampling cycle at periodic intervals.

A second valve functions to supply a stream of water of periodic intervals, timed to coincide with. the standby position ofthe mud control valve.

The second major sub-combination includes a conduit for periodic delivery of the sample stream to the packaging system, an'd means for disposal of excess mud supplied to the packaging system. In a preferred embodiment, the mud disposal means also provides temporary storage for the flexible packaging material in which the mud samples are to be encased or sealed.

The sealing means, located near the outlet end of the delivery tube, consists essentially of a pair of clamping jaws and a pair of heat seal jaws. The packaging material is fed from temporary storage through the space between the two pairs of jaws. A continuous tlow of the sample stream passes from the deliverytube into that portion of the packaging film located between the jaws, and thence through the mud disposal line. At a time designated for the sealing of each successive sample, the clamping jaws are activated first, whereby a pouch of mud is held separate from the llowing stream. At this time the flow of mud is interrupted and a stream of water is passed through the delivery tube and disposal line in the same manner as was the mud. During the tlow of water, the clamping jaws remain firmly engaged against opposite sides of the plastic tube, to prevent passage of fluids between the jaws. Once the flow of water has cleaned the inner surface of the plastic tube immediately adjacent the area held by the clamping jaws, the heat seal jaws are activated, While the clamping jaws remain iirmly engaged. The tlow of water is then interrupted and electric current is passed through the heating element of the sealing jaws to complete the formation of a gas-tight seal, thereby preserving the true cornposition of the packaged sample.

Both the clamping jaws and the sealing jaws are then retracted` to permit the advance of the sample storage wheel, in order to place a fresh portion of the packaging material in position for the formation of the next successive sample pouch.

FIGURE 1 is an isometric view of an embodiment of the packaging apparatus of the invention.

. FIGURES 2 and 3 are cross-sectional views of the flow control system of the apparatus of FIGURE 1.

FIGURE 4 is a cross-sectional View of the upper blades of the clamping Iand heat seal jaws of the apparatus of FIGURE l.

FIGURE 5 through 11 are diagrammatic sectional views of the clamping and sealing jaws, illustrating the sequence of steps involved in the operation of the apparatus.

Referring to FIGURE 1, the apparatus is seen to consist of four major sections: a iiow control system, a delivery section, a packaging section, and a collection and storage assembly. The flow control system includes valves 11 and 12, the first of which functions to direct a sample stream of mud from line 13 through port 14 and discharge line 15, and alternately through port 16 into delivery tube 17. Valve 12 functions to direct a stream of water through line 18, port 19 and delivery tube 17 for the purpose of periodically flushing thesystem, as more fully explained in t connection with the packaging section as discussed below.

The elongated central areaof the illustrated embodiment includes delivery tube 17 and outer flow tube 20, substantially concentric therewith. Tubular lilm 21, stored along the outer surface of tube 20, is composed of a highly flexible, heat-scalable, gas-retentive membrane having a relatively high tensile strength.

The packaging section is composed ot clamping jaws 22 and heat seal jaws 23 which function,I respectively, to form each successive pouch and hold it separate from a liowing stream of water which removes excess mud and particulate solids from the area to be sealed; and then to form a permanent heat seal, thus completing the formation of each successive pouch.

The collection and storage section consists essentially of a ylarge diameter wheel 24 to which one end of tubular lilm 21 is fastened at point 25. Periodic rotation of the wheel, in a clockwise direction from the side viewed, through an arc corresponding to the space occupied by a single pouch at the perimeter of the wheel, advances each successive segment `of the packaging lm from its position on tube to a location between jaws 22 and 23, in readiness for the formation of the next successive sam ple pouch.

In valve 11, the position of plunger 26 is controlled by double-acting pneumatic piston 27. For example, in the position shown, plunger 26 is lseated against port 14 thereby forcing the iiow of mud through port 16 into delivery tube 17. In the alternate position, plunger 26 seats against port 16 thereby directing the flow of mud through port 14 and `discharge line 15. The llow of air to pneumatic piston 27 is controlled by a solenoid-actuated valve, which in turn is actuated by time sequence controller 29.

In valve 12, the position of plunger is controlled by double-acting pneumatic piston 31. For example, in the position shown, plunger 30 is seated against port 19 thereby excluding the flow of water and permitting the p-assage of mud through port 16 into delivery tube 17. In the opposite position, plunger 30 is lifted at a time when plunger 26 is seated against port 16, thereby permitting the influx of water to delivery tube 17 while mud ilow is excluded. The ilow of air to pneumatic piston 31 is also controlled by a solenoid-actuated valve, which in turn is activated by a signal from time sequence controller 29.

The specific description of valves 11 and 12, including the description of the actu-ation means 'associated therewith, is for the purpose of illustration only. It 4is within the scope of .the invention, in its broadest form lto substitute other flow control means for producing an equivalent manipulation of stream flow.

The end of delivery tube 17 is ared outward to form an elongated rectangular outlet 35. The primary function of the il-ared portion is to shape the packaging material just prior to the clamping and sealing stage of the operation, in order to prevent the formation of Wrinkles between the clamping and sealing jaws, thus providing a smooth seal. Moreover, the flared outlet improves the cleaning eiciency of the ushing Ioperation just prior to the sealing step, ensuring a `clean inner packaging surv face between the heat-seal jaws. An additional shaping action may readily be obtained, if desired, by equipping the ilared outlet with la longitudinal rib or linlike extension along the outer surface of the major transverse taxis. Such an extension also aids the flow of mud into discharge line 20.

The upper blade of clamping jaws 22 is driven by double-acting pneumatic piston 41. The lower blade is simultaneously driven upward by the same force, transmit-ted through endless chain pair 42. Similarly, the upper half of heat seal jaws 23 is driven by piston 43, and the lower half is forced upward by endless chain pair 44.

Wheel 24 is periodically advanced by ratchet and pawl mechanism 39, actuated by piston 38, which is in turn openated by a solenoid valve, and controller 29.

In FIGURE 4 the detailed construction of the upper blades of jaws 22 and 23 is shown. The gripping edge of blade 22 is provided with an elastomeric pad 53 bonded within a groove or depression along the metallic blade. Electrical heating element 54 consists essentially of nichrome ribbon, and is separated from blade 23 by means of Iinsul-ating layer 55. The lower blades of jaws 22 and 23 are mirror-image duplicates of the upper blades.

As a specific example of the operation of the device,

Ia continuous stream of mud is supplied through line 13 at the rate of 3 gallons per minute. Referring to FIG- URE l, the initial stage `of the operation is begun with the illustrated positions of plungers 26 and 30 of valves 11 and 12, respectively. The mud stream is thereby directed :through tube 17 into the packaging area, where it emerges from rectangular outlet 35. The direction of mud ow is reversed by the packaging film and is then discharged along the annulus between lines 17 and 20, and lthrough dump line 34. The clamping and sealing jaws are open, as shown in FIGURE 5. During this period of circulation the tubular packaging material is held st-ationary Iby expandable pneumatic cl-amp 36, which also serves to prevent the leakage of mud through the narrow annular space surrounding the outer surface of tube 20. The leakage of mud through this annular space would represent no serious loss in .terms of mud volume; however, due to its abrasive nature and the presence of some large cuttings, the leakage of mud into this annular space is considered very undesirable inasmuch as it may lead to the development of leaks in the packaging material through a cutting or tearing action during its periodic =ad- Vance along the surface of tube 20.

The preferred example of flexible tubular packaging material consists essentially of inner and outer laminations of plastic resin film. The outer lamination is polyethylene terephthalate resin film, known by the trademark Mylar, having a thickness of .0005 inch. The inner lamination is polyethylene resin film having a thickness of .002 inch. It is a preferred feature of this particular film, as well las of any suitable equivalents, that the material must possess a high degree of hydrocarbon gas retentiveness. In the preferred example, such rententiveness is characteristic of the Mylar lamination.

The packaging material must also be readily amenable to the formation of a permanent, gas-tight heat seal. In the preferred embodiment this characteristic is supplied by the polyethylene lamination. Studies have shown that the inner lamination of polyethylene should not exceed .002 inch in thickness because of its propensity to absorb significant quantities of hydrocarbon gas from the mud sample.

Other liexible, heat-scalable packaging materials may be used, including metal foils, for example. A foil may be used alone, or as a lamination with a synthetic resin film. Pressure alone is capable of forming a metal-tometal seal, without the need for heat.

With a continued ow of mud stream through the conned space near outlet 35, the clamping jaws 22 are activated and engaged lagainst opposite sides of tube 21 to form a mud sample pouch 61 as illustrated in FIGURE 6. With clamping jaws 22 remaining engaged, a signal is received from controller 29 by the solenoid which activates pneumatic piston 31 :and lifts plunger 30, thereby admitting a stream of Water through line 18 and port 19. This position of plungers 26 and 30 is illustrated in FIGURE 3, and the position of the clamping and sealing jaws is shown in FIGURE 7. The circulation of water within ,the space confined by packaging iilm 21 at the end of delivery tube 17 functions primarily to remove mud and cuttings from .the inner surface of iilm 21 lying opposite sealing jaws 23. About 15 seconds of Water flow is usually adequate to clean the sealing area, whereupon the heat seal jaws are activated to the position indicated in FIGURE 8, immediately adjacent the area held by clamping jaws 22. The flow of water is then interrupted b-y a signal from controller 29 which returns plunger 30 to its seated position, closing port 19.

The position of plungers 26 and 30 at this time is illustrated yin FIGURE 2. Electric current is then supplied to heating element 53 of sealing jaws 23, thereby completing the formation of a sealed mud pouch. Upon completion of a seal, both clamping jaws 22 and heat t seal jaws 23 are returned to their retracted positions as indica-ted in FIGURES 1 and 9.

At this time signals are received from controller 29 by clamp 36 and ratchet actuator 38. The consequent release of clamp 36 and rotation of wheel 24 causes the p-ackaging film to be advanced to a new position, las illustrated by FIGURE 10. Clamp 36 is then actuated, 4as shown in FIGURE 11, and .a new cycle is begun.

The entire operation of sampling, packaging and storing requires about one minute. The operation is controlled by sequence controller 29 which is operated by a A60 cycle 110 volt A.C. synchronous motor geared d-own to l r.p.m. The controller allows the mud to be samp-led after each 5, 10, or 30 minute interval. The sampling frequency should be selected inl accordance with the drilling rate, to obtain mud samples which represent a constant drilling depth interval. Also the controller conrains, or is connected with, a conventional Geolograph ch-art recorder, or other drilling time recorder, in order to prepare -a record of the time at which each particular sample is packaged. Thus by comparing the packaging sequence controller record with the drilling time record, the drilling depth for each mud sample is readily identified. As understood by one skilled in the art, the sampling time may be correlated with drilling depth by calculating the lag time required for a -given increment of mnd to rise from bottom hole to the mud return flow line, or `to the surface conductor casing.

What is claimed is:

1. Apparatus for packaging samples of a solids-laden fluid which comprises a delivery tube;

means for periodically advancing a llexible, heat-sealable, tubular iilm along the outside of said delivery tube and past the outlet end thereof;

means for flowing a stream of said fluid through said delivery tube and into contact with the interior of said lm, whereby said fluid is then discharged through an annular path between said tube and said lm,

means for releasably clamping said flexible material to separate a sample of the fluid from said stream; means for interrupting the flow of said stream;

means for flowing a stream of substantially solids-free fluid through said delivery tube and into contact with the interior of said film to flush said solids-laden fluid from that portion of the film to be heat-sealed; and

means adjacent said clamping means for applying pressure and heat to said heat-sealable material, thereby sealing said sample.

2. Apparatus for packaging samples of a solids-laden uid which comprises a delivery tube;

a discharge tube positioned to enclose a flow path along the outside of said delivery tube;

means for periodically advancing a flexible, heat-sealable, tubular packaging material along the outside of said discharge tube and past the outlet end of said delivery tube;

means for flowing a stream of said liuid through said delivery tube and into contact with the interior of said packaging material, whereby said fluid is then directed along said discharge flow path;

means for releasably clamping said packaging material to separate a sample of the fluid from said stream; means for interrupting the flow of said stream;

means for flowing a stream of substantially solids-free fluid through said delivery tube and into contact with the interior of said packaging material to remove said solids-laden fluid from that portion of the interior of said packaging material to be heat-sealed; and

means adjacent said clamping means for applying pressure and heat to said packaging material, thereby sealing said sample.

for releasably clamping the packaging material to the` perimeter of said discharge tube.

5. In a device for the packaging of samples of a solidsladen iluid comprising a delivery tube, means for periodically advancing a ilexible, heat-scalable tubular ilm along the outside of said tube and past the outlet end thereof, means for owing a stream of said fluid through said delivery tube into contact with the interior surface of said ilm, and means for heat-sealing successive intervals of said film, the improvement comprising a pair of clamping jaws in combination with mea'ns for flowing a stream of substantially solids-free fluid through said delivery tube to flush said solids-laden uid from the interior of said film opposite said heat-sealing means, said jaws being located adjacent said heat-sealing means, and actuatable to form a temporary pressure seal in said film while the area to be heat-sealed is being flushed clean.

6. Apparatus for packaging samples of a particulate solids-containing fluid which comprises a delivery tube;

means for periodically advancing a ilexible packaging material along the outside of said delivery tube and past the outlet end thereof;

means for owing a stream of said fluid through said delivery tube and into contact with the interior of said packaging material, whereby said fluid is then discharged along a path between said delivery tube and said packaging material;

means for releasably clamping said packaging material in order to separate a sample of said iluid from said stream;

means for interrupting the flow of said stream;

means for flushing the interior of that portion of said packaging material to be heat-sealed, to remove said uid and particulate solids; and

means adjacent said clamping means for sealing said packaging material, thereby encasing a sample of said fluid.

7. In a device for the packaging of samples of a particulate solids-containing lluid comprising a delivery tube,

means for periodically advancing a flexible tubular material along the outside of said tube and past the outlet end thereof,

means for flowing a stream of said lluid through said delivery tube into contact with the interior surface of said flexible material, and

means for permanently sealing successive intervals of said liexible material,

, the improvement comprising a pair of clamping jaws in combination with means for flushing that portion of the interior of said flexible material to be heatsealed,

said jaws being located adjacent said sealing means and actuatable to form a temporary pressure seal in said llexible material while the area to be permanently sealed is being flushed clean.

8. A method for packaging samples of a solids-laden fluid which comprises owing a stream of said fluid through a conduit;

`advancing a exible tubular packaging material along the outside of said conduit and past the outlet end thereof;

clamping said packaging material a short distance downstream from the outlet end of said conduit, whereby the direction of ow of said stream is reversed causing said stream to be discharged along a path between the outside of said conduit and the inside of said packaging material, and whereby a sample of said uid is held separate from said owing stream;

thereafter interrupting the flow of said stream;

then flushing the interior of that portion of said packaging material to be heat-sealed; and

then forming a permanent seal in said packaging material to isolate said sample.

9. A method for packaging a series of samples of a solids-laden uid which comprises advancing a flexible tubular lm along the outside of a delivery tube and past the outlet end of said tube;

then flowing a stream of said fluid through said delivery tube into contact with the interior surface of said lm,

then forming a temporary seal across said lm whereby said uid is discharged through a path formed by said tube and said lm,

interrupting said flow,

then flushing the interior of that portion of said lm to be heat-sealed; and

thereafter forming a permanent seal adjacent said temporary seal to complete the formation of a sealed sample package.

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS TRAVIS s. MCGEHEE, Primary Examiner.

FRANK E. BAILEY, N. ABRAMS, Assistant Examiners. 

9. A METHOD FOR PACKING A SERIES OF SAMPLES OF A SOLIDS-LADEN FLUID WHICH COMPRISES ADVANCING A FLEXIBLE TUBULAR FILM ALONG THE OUTSIDE OF A DELIVERY TUBE AND PAST THE OUTLET END OF SAID TUBE; THEN FLOWING A STREAM OF SAID FLUID THROUGH SAID DELIVERY TUBE INTO CONTACT WITH THE INTERIOR SURFACE OF SAID FILM, THEN FORMING A TEMPORARY SEAL ACROSS SAID FILM WHEREBY SAID FLUID IS DISCHARGED THROUGH A PATH FORMED BY SAID TUBE AND SAID FILM, INTERRUPTING SAID FLOW, THEN FLUSHING THE INTERIOR OF THAT PORTION OF SAID FILM TO BE HEAT-SEALED; AND THEREAFTER FORMING A PERMANENT SEAL ADJACENT SAID TEMPORARY SEAL TO COMPLETE THE FORMATION OF A SEALED SAMPLE PACKAGE. 